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C20 (AISI 1020) is one of the most widely used low-carbon steel grades in the global market. In industrial literature, it is typically classified either as a case-hardening steel or as a general-purpose structural steel. Its key advantage is the combination of excellent weldability and adequate strength, offering an optimal balance between performance and cost.
Due to its low carbon content, the material can be case-hardened (carburized) to achieve a wear-resistant hard surface layer while maintaining a tough and impact-resistant core. With its high formability, C20 (AISI 1020) is among the most preferred low-carbon steels in industrial manufacturing.
In global trade, this grade is recognized under the following designations:
• USA (SAE–AISI): AISI 1020 / SAE 1020
• Germany (DIN/Werkstoff): 1.0402 (C22) / 1.0411
• Europe (EN): C22E
• Japan (JIS): S20C
• United Kingdom (BS): 070M20
The following values are typical averages based on ASTM A108 and equivalent standards.
The chemical makeup of this steel provides its excellent formability and machinability. Typical element distribution according to ASTM A1040 and SAE J403 is:
• Carbon (C) – 0.17–0.23%:
Determines hardness and strength. The low range ensures high weldability and ductility.
• Manganese (Mn) – 0.30–0.60%:
Improves toughness, counteracts the harmful effects of sulfur, and contributes to overall strength.
• Phosphorus (P) – max. 0.040%:
Kept low because excessive phosphorus can cause embrittlement; controlled levels help maintain ductility.
• Sulfur (S) – max. 0.050%:
Enhances machinability but may reduce weldability at high levels, therefore strictly limited.
These are the critical parameters engineers rely on in design calculations. Mechanical behavior varies depending on whether the material is cold drawn or hot rolled. The following values represent typical cold-drawn conditions (per ASTM A108):
• Tensile Strength: approx. 420 MPa
• Yield Strength: approx. 350 MPa
• Elongation: approx. 15% (in 50 mm) – indicates high ductility
• Hardness (Brinell): approx. 121 HB – reflects good machinability
• Machinability: 65–70% relative to AISI 1112
Its ductile structure and suitability for case hardening make this grade ideal for components exposed to impact but requiring a wear-resistant surface:
• Automotive and Machinery:
Medium-duty gears, shafts, axles, and pins.
• Fasteners:
Bolts, nuts, and special cold-formed components.
• Structural Components:
Welded machine frames, brackets, and general construction parts.
• Hydraulics:
Fittings, connectors, and manifold blocks.
At Hasçelik, we produce low-carbon 1020 steel in our steel plant with customer-specific chemical composition tolerances, delivering products with high weldability, excellent machinability, and a homogeneous internal structure to various industries.
Thanks to the low carbon content of 0.17–0.23%, 1020 steel provides:
• high weldability,
• good ductility,
• toughness and formability,
• stable mechanical properties.
Manufacturing this grade using Hasçelik’s advanced metallurgical infrastructure and vacuum-sealed casting technology significantly improves steel cleanliness, reduces inclusion content, and enhances the final product quality to a superior level.
The produced billets are processed in our modern hot-rolling lines, resulting in improved surface quality, increased structural homogeneity, and compliance with Hasprime standards, which represent our commitment to crack-free, high-quality steel. This ensures that our customers receive highly reliable 1020 steel for welded constructions, automotive components, machine parts, and general engineering applications.
With our extensive logistics network and strong global distribution capability, we efficiently deliver 1020 steel worldwide. Through flexible, customer-oriented production, fast delivery, and technical engineering support, Hasçelik guarantees the quality and continuity that the industry requires for 1020 steel.
As Hasçelik, with our sustainable production philosophy, advanced process control systems, and expert technical team, we continue to provide reliable, technically superior, and application-optimized solutions for 1020 steel.
Q: Is C20 steel weldable?
A: Yes. Its low carbon content ensures excellent weldability without requiring preheating.
Q: Can this steel be hardened?
A: Yes. Its surface hardness can be increased through carburizing (case hardening).
Q: What is the difference between 1020 (C20) and 1040 steel?
A: 1040 contains a higher carbon level and can achieve greater hardness, but its weldability is lower. For welded constructions, C20 (1020) is the more suitable choice.
